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Amino acids are often called the building blocks of life because it takes many of them linked together in a chain to create a protein. DNA tells the body how to make the chain and in what order the amino acids must line up. Some amino acids must be eaten because the body cannot make them (essential), some the body can make (non-essential), and yet others are able to be made during some times, but not others (conditionally essential). The life processes are all dependent on proteins which play critical roles in the body as structure, messengers, enzymes, and hormones.

Proteins are globular and clumpy because the amino acid chains fold in on themselves. This is how the immune system recognizes proteins. They are large compared to single amino acids, and they are uniquely shaped. The immune system does not recognize tiny MSG as an allergen. However, trouble can begin because the body can attack the larger enzymes like GAD, responsible for turning excess MSG into GABA.

What is an enzyme?

Enzymes are simply proteins with interesting day jobs. Enzymes help make things happen by helping to create other proteins and by helping break them down too. Enzymes are not straight chains, they are globular and clumpy, because they are folded into intricate shapes like other proteins. It is these shapes that help them create and break down other proteins and compounds.

What is a hormone?

Hormones are extremely potent protein based messengers that travel around the body connecting the lines of communication between glands of the endocrine system. These glands direct important functions like metabolism, growth, and sexual development. It has been found lately that smaller amounts of hormones are more effective than larger amounts because the body has feedback mechanisms that don't take kindly to overdoses of hormone. Things shut down because it is considered a trouble signal if there is too much hormone present. By affecting the part of the brain - the hypothalamus, that controls the master gland of the body - the pituitary, MSG may affect hormone production in the body.

Glutamate - Protein Building Block and Excitatory Neurotransmitter....

Glutamate is just one of many amino acids used by the body and linked into the chains of protein in the body. However some amino acids are free to float around by themselves as well as being found linked into proteins because they serve vital functions - some are neurotransmitters which carry nerve cell impulses throughout the body. Amino acid neurotransmitters are like chemical messengers carrying news from nerve cell to nerve cell. Some amino acid neurotransmitters like glutamate trigger nerve cells to fire, others like taurine and gamma amino butyric acid tell those firing nerve cells to cease firing. It is a delicate balance. An important balance. Researchers are finding out just what happens when that balance tips. In patients who suffer a stroke, for example, an excess of glutamate in the brain causes the nerve cells to die from overstimulation. Glutamate blocking drugs are being used to prevent some of this damage.